📘 This article is part of the series "Urban Transformation – In Formerly Colonized Contexts: Damascus as a Case Study," which seeks to...

A political cartoon depicting the 1858 Ottoman Land Code, with a colonial-looking figure holding a privatization decree—symbolizing...

A mid-19th century painting of the city of Damascus by the English artist Kernot. 📘 This article is part of the series "Urban...

Why Damascus? The urban phenomena we observe in Damascus are not an exception, but rather a manifestation of a widespread crisis...